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 Cancer is one of the most complex diseases, requiring multifaceted approaches to understand its biology and develop effective treatments. Among the tools that have transformed oncology research, animal tumor models stand out as an essential bridge between basic science and clinical application. These models enable scientists to replicate human cancer characteristics in living organisms, offering insights into tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic responses. What Are Animal Tumor Models? Animal tumor models involve using live animals, primarily rodents, to study cancer development and treatment. These models can mimic the genetic, cellular, and microenvironmental aspects of human tumors. By providing a controlled environment, animal tumor models allow researchers to investigate how cancer behaves in a living system, which is essential for preclinical drug testing and understanding cancer biology. Types of Animal Tumor Models 1. Spontaneous Tumor Models These models arise when ...

 Neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy, represent some of the most challenging conditions to diagnose, treat, and study. The complexity of the human brain makes direct research difficult, but neurological disease models provide a crucial bridge. These models replicate key aspects of diseases, enabling scientists to explore their mechanisms and test potential therapies. What Are Neurological Disease Models? Neurological disease models are experimental tools that mimic the characteristics of brain-related conditions. They allow researchers to study how diseases progress, identify therapeutic targets, and test treatments in a controlled environment. These models include: In Vitro Models Cell Cultures: Neurons and glial cells grown in the lab simulate disease-related cellular changes. 3D Brain Organoids: Mini-brain-like structures derived from stem cells provide a closer approximation of human brain activity. In Vivo Models Animal ...